Fire-hose and analogous tubing constructed of laminated cohesive interwound members having varying limits of elasticity.



, l L. A. SUBBRS. IvIR HOSE AND ANALOGOUS TUBING vCONSTRUC'ED 0F LAMINATED GOHESIVE IN'IBRWOUND MEMBERS HAVING vW\R'Il\IGr LIMITS 0F ELASTIGITY.

Patemed Dec. 5 1911.

APPLIUATION FILED OCT. 17, 1910.

WWI..

twnney L. A. SUBBRS. y FIRE HOSE AND ANALOGOUS TUBING CONSTR-USTED OF LAMINATED OOHESIVE INTERWOUND MEMBERS HAVING VARYLNG LIMITS OF ELASTGITY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-17y 1910.

Patented Dec. 5, 19H

L. A. SUBERS. FIRE HOSE AND ANALOGOUS 1'UBING CONSTRUGTED OF LAMINATED COHESIVB NTERWOUND vMEMBERS HAVING VARYING LIMITS OF'BLASTIITY.

' MPLIOATION FILED 0012.17, 1910. V

Patented Dec. 5, 1911.

' 1520er? [or We'nesSes: Y.

L. A. SUBERS. FIRE HOSE AND ANALOGOUS TUBING CONSTRUGTED 0F LAMINATBD GOHESIVE INTERWOUNDl MEMBERS HAVING VARYING LIMITS OP ELASTIGITY.

' APPLIGATION FILED 001217,4910.

'LWL-090. Patented 980.5,1911

0% Mlm E 1 L. A. .sUBBRs FIRE HUSBAND ANALOGOUSTUBING CONSTRUCTED OP LAMINATEUGOHSIVE INTERWOUND MEMBERS HAVING VABYING LIMITS OP ELASTIGITY.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 1T, 1910. I LGI L09@ Patented Dec. 5,1911;

LK A. SUBBRS FIRE HOSE AND ANALOGOUS TUBING- GONSTRUGTBD OF LAMINATED GOHESIVE INTERWOUND Patented Deo. 5, 1911.

APPLIGATIGN FILED OCT. 17, 191Q.

MEMBERS HAVING VARYING LIMITS OF BLASTIGITY.

, L, A. SUBERS'.

PIRE HOSE AND ANALOGOUS TUBNG GONSTRUGTED 0F LAMNATED GOHESIVE INTERWOUND MEMBERS HAVING VARYING LIMITS OP ELASTIGITY.

APPLICATION FILED 00117, 1910.

Patented Das. 5, 1911.

7 SEEETS-SEEET Y.

, l 5f; ull-Eu,

LAVJRENE A. SUBERS, OF CLEVELAND, ''l'.

FRE-HGSE ND ANALOGOS TUBING LGNSTRUCTED OF LJVIINATE COHESIV INTER- JVUNID MEMBERS HAVING VARYING LMTS OF ELSTICITY.

1i ,cinese ententes nea s, ieri.

Griginaepplication lea January 3i, i910, Serial No. $10,982. Dvide and this'applcation filed october To all whom it may concern:

lBe it. known that I, LAWRENCE A. Solanas, a citizen of the United States, and resident of Cleveland, in the country of Cuyahoga and 'Sta-te of Ohio, have invented certain new and uset'ul improven'ients in lire-hose and analogous tubing constructed of laminated cohesive internound members having *varying limits of elasticity, of which l hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and enact description, such as Will enable others skilled in tbe art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

'l`heobjects ot this invention are to gro- Vide a tubular fabric which Will meet all ot the various requirements of high pressure bose or tubing, vlire bose and hose adapted to analogous uses, wherein greatresistance to internal pressure is demanded and in which tubular ltabric when under pressure all torsional twist is practically eliminated While the diametral expansion and the longitudinal elongation or contraction can be controlled as desired and can be calculated, being made possible by the peculiar arrangement and c-r istruction ot' the component, parts of the tubular l'abric.

About. 'the tivo most common forms ot bose now manutactured have either a circular vvo ven fabric, or have a fabric built up of strips ot rubber trictioned textile material Woundvaround a mandrel or lorm.

The most obvious faults of the 'former are excessive elongation, and some torsional twist, with a corrugated interior, .which increases the frictional resistance to the passage ot tluid under high pressure. The second torni of hose. shows exc sire diametral expansion, with an excessive contraction or elongation in length,y together vvith a la rge amount ot torsional twist when put under high briissure. `This excessive stretching ol fabric is obviously detrimental in its etl'ccts bediening the hose so much that. it is not reliable Vl'or any great length ou time.

The )resent invention provides a tubular fabric wherein the diametral and longitudi nal .strains on the Fabric from high internal pressures are so balanced by the peculiar construction ol' the labric that neither prodiujes any ewes ive stretching thereof.

The .lalaic ol which the tubing constriulerl may be described as a laminateu- 1 olicsive-iutc sund structure torn'ied oif orde` or 'iibrous ineinbers coller-ing in ad? Serial No. 587,632.

hesive material Without braiding, weaving, interlacing or interlocking any one layer of the fabric. n i

It is understood that the prime necessity in the arrangement or" the librous members in a fabric having great tensilestrength in both lateral and longitudinal direc'tioiis,tliat all fibrous members should have a controlled ratio ot expansion and elongation and that the fibers or ibrous members forming the separate layers should have a predetermined ratio of expansibility relative to each other and be under a predetermined amount ol tension, a condition impossible in Woven fabrics Whereone set ot'ibrous members as the Warp are relatively straight and the other set'of fibrous members as the Woot are i extremely crooked and not Linder tension of any kind. in tbe herein described fabric the amount of diainetrical cnpansion relative to the elongation can be approximately computed and controlled in eacli layer.

lhat portion ot the tubular fabric de signed to resist longitudinal stress may be toi-med ot series of bands ot' twisted cords or threads, `of bands of cabled yarns, of single cords or threads, of woven or other predetermined material, but Whatever the material the first of a certain numberot series is Wound parallel to each other at a; predetermined angle on a mandrel, so spaced that the remainder of these series would just lill the spaces between the members of the vfirst series, and an equal number ot series similarly spaced, wound parallel to each other at a. reverse angle, the first ot' the latter series u'ound on top of the lirst ot' the :former series, and the remainder of each series Wound alternately in the same order, being compressed to till the openings and cohering together in a coating of adhesive material, which may be rulcanizablc. The resistance to lateral stress or expansion is ob tained by means of close lying similar meinbers wound in circumferential or spiral form in the fabric.

It may be stated that the fabric herein described is similar in character in all material' tubing such as tire hose and analogous tul infrV The fabric coz structed by means ot a fabric making device substantially like the ,be produced a peculiar method or system 1s required. To have excessive expansion diametrically will cause the hose to shorten longitudinally and to have excessive strength circumferentially relative to its longitudi- I nal strength will cause the hose to elongate,

under internal pressure. Therefore, if the strength of the .fabric layers adapted to resistl dlametrical stress is equal to or balances the' strength of the layers adapted to'resist longitudinal stress', a balanced conditionofv strength in the hose is obtained in which there will be very little elongation-or contraction or'expansion. Hence both classes of layers of fabric are required to obtain the desired result, the parallel, equally spaced,

- inte'rwound, and angularly laid' layers previously described to resist the longitudinal pressure and a circumferentially klaid or spiy ral layer` or layers adapted to resist diametric pressure. By calculating the ultimate strength of the cords or bands laid at .y approximately 45 and 135 to any longitudinal surface. line and then that of the circumferer vl laid cords or threads, the stretch o; thecords or threads may be so adjusted-,by variations in the numbers of twists per inch that all' of these members when under maximum stress may be made to burstL at the same moment, thus obtaining the joint maximum strength of all the meinbers under stress. Again if the amount of ystretch of which the inner layers are capable is less Ithan the amount of stretch-of which the outer layers are capable, the inner layers will rupture or break before the outside layers have a chance to receive their share of the internal pressure. Since the outerV and Ainner layers are of different diameter the inner layers must expand more easily than the outer layers in order to stretch with the 'f outer layers, therefore the stretching capac- .v ity of the inner layers mustbe accommoA dated to the stretching capacities of the outer layers which are of greater diameter, and the ratio of stretching capabilitli1 must vary inversely to the respective diameters of the several layers. For this reason the fibrous members comprising the inner layers are caused to have a greater stretching capability than the outer layers by giving a greater number of twists per inch to the cords comprising them than to the cords comprising the outer layers. The ratio of stretching capability of any one layer can thereby be approximately controlled relatively to that of any one of the other layers. In the inner.

layers the number of twists per inch in each cord is greater than the number of twists in the outer layers and the component bands or members are also laid under less tension than in the outer layers. The effect isthat the inside layers are first affected by internal pressure, and are free to expand and transmit the pressure to the outer layers before reaching the elastic or bursting limit.`

The ultimate bursting limit is affected by many things among which are the weight of the yarns employed in making the cords,'the number of twists per inch in the cords in each layer the 'adhesions of the substance in which the cords or bands are embedded, the manner of interlaying the cords or bands to resistlateral and longitudinal separation thereof, and the amount of tension under which the bands comprising the fabric are laid.

The strength of this hose for resisting internal pressure is not materially lessened by kinking or bending upon itself under pressure, as in all fabrics now in general use.

The invention is hereinafter further described, illustrated in the accompanying drawings and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a side elevation of a section of a hose pipe showing parts broken. away to reveal its-constructio'n, consisting of an inside lining of rubber upon a cylindrical mandrel, p

an inside fabric consisting of a two group system of parallel, equally spaced bands of twisted cords or threads wound part at an angle of preferably 4h50 and part at an angle of approximately 135 to any longitudinal surface line of that layer, enveloping this a circumferential 0i' spiral layer composed of close wound cords, next a similar two group system of bands of cords to the first, and finally a rubber covering showing a fire ply construction. Fig. 2 is a similar view showing a two group system of parallcl, equally spaced bands of twisted cords or threads having the two halves of a circumferential layer of equally spaced parallel bands of cords or threads' wound in two laminations in this two group system, the whole forming a three ply construction. l? ig. 3 is a view of a five hose fabric, similar to thatl shown in Fig. 1 with the exception that the interwound bands are formed of parallel cabled threads cemented together by unvulcanized rubber. Fig. 4 is a similar view showing a. three ply hose fabric, similar in construction to that shown in Fig. 2 130 bio;- iiorving die parallel, equally spaced bands ofilie two group Sys-.lem :formed oabied threads cemeiieifl together by unmi- -conized rubber. Fig. 5 is similar elevation of a hose. in which i'he arrangement of hoods inthe, several layers or plies is m.- rioiisly mofliiiod, the loyer showing mi -incomple'e fom.' group System of ini'erwoox'il lle'l eqimily 'ed twisted Cords.

hose in layers of distincb' character. -iiiiel e fooi: group sysi'om .equally ed, Doral lireziiis, iiie soooiici zuri iiicoii' l' LA lol. iiilerwound twisted. Cords;

""roiip, s vsem of circolo" aromi fquoiy ced, parallel homie; of

ds or reaolo oo: .loci Wih iiwo orio of .L woven nir..-

. lmriiis of each Set parallel :mii

iced i jroirieaoh o'iiei, and Wound iy "co 'lio oiroumlerenial oorfs or -iflireacls bul; r 'verSely to oooh other While iio wird layer is a complete i'our group syfs'em of equoily spaced, inierwound homie iop@ or oiioorivoven material. Fig. 7 is similar elevziion of a hoge and of Siiniinr diameter to Fig. 6 exoeii limit the 4lirs'c loyer 'is of o. Complete four group sysfem of equily spaced, parallel, inierwoimci baiirlss apos or oliier roven meierini while the reiiiainfler oi 'lie hose ideiiiml in oonsr'icion with Fig. 6. Fin: 8 shows n. sim iiur elevation of .1 single for lioqe. fabric ideniicai in construction with l'lie sommi layer Shown iii 5; liig. 5) is :i plfm View portion oi fabric. formed on l'ie ivo l ST.

5 showing' 'lilo relziivo positions of tlio several bonds in the tivo group iii before compressing or 'llnloniiig into final shape. illustrating The order in 1which the brmris :iro 'woun or lziifl. to form one loyer oi wvo :i plies; lf if; a -pliiii View of o. fziliio vom l before compre .Rig or faioning *glie Somsshowing the relative `o.fiioo of il Danilo and order in v'o'.iicli liey are wounci.; if" iS a plan View E o portion oil. fabi-io oi i. tubing @on Aoe formed slioiifiiig boucle oi? miren material equally Splice-i part im@ inierwoui'id iii the two .oop ein; is zi side elevation oi portion of a iiose pipo five olif oonsliriic'iion, with a. two group sys- ''ieio o iie rs 'mso pliev` having 'bands of i'fipe. or other Wore?. aieriel iiioriouiid anni eqimily spaced but having lio two halves oi' a circumferential layer of equally sozicecl. bands of tape. or olier Woven ma 'ie-.rial Wouufl iii two lziiiiiiintions one among lie; las ieid ii'ieiziiiera of the i'ir' "wo group Syseoi and one. among ilio luid meme i'iers of the second tivo group system. Fig. is an eiiiord tronsrvorse Section o' one iie. Woven omis; n. pernoovtive n of lie fabric showing the i or ilio liziiiclf Wlieii Woiiii'l :zLfilie order oi' Winding ille Sonie, so i'.lml e band will fil lfm. space between two paw On ..v.\. ollel mods when une 'fab ic is compressed; Fig. 2T is n. Similar vi W, and-is similar in ooiisiriirl'ion to Fig. being composed of 'bonds oi: twisted cords or lhrefds insleocl oi" bonds hipo, and also bovino the threads oomposiiig the lsmcls in l'iio (iiifereiit l of different number oi vkfios por inch, lio greatest number of twists per incli on the lirezigls in lie bonds composing the insiicleplies uml ilie lens'i number or" wiss per inch ou the, lireofis iii. ille bonds composing lle .cle plies. Figs. SO and all :iro elevaiior oi poi-lions of oord having dife feront wrists 'per inch: Figs. 2S, 99a, 30, 3 a oro rfuiivor Secioiis lieroof; in Fig'. 32 llefm-'iiliiimil to 19t per inch in the Severzii .layers if; illustrated in :i simple oonstruoion of iligoe lm voixs of oo giiiorljv `Wound twisted (bordo. Fig. E? @hows :i plan View of n pim-v of fz brio having 'lie mme (fonslruclion as that iis-ei in die liosie pipe shown in Fig. '1.

.lio m 'ions mi in which L'lio fabric mar lio lziiil muy lio (imm-ibo@ :is follows: lil Figo. si. io. 1i., o i, Q2, 24. 2G mi e?, 35i :imi flnro illiisiruod the two group sy icm, nml iirig's. 5, 6, T. S, l5, 16,1?, 1S, 19. Q0, nml Q2 iS illusirziled ille four group system.

ln (lie two group @Siem l, l, represent o firios of oeiiiolljf' Spurwl.. parallel boml of islwl coule wound or luid :ii' mi en -glo of or ollier prwloifw Ji l i liiia n. :is :elio'wii mi l2 "iV-poo :i l.:

lOG

.are fewer twisted cords employed in the con 'struction and the friction of one member on ln Figs. l, 2, 27 and 352,11 modified ratio -of twist per inch in the cords comprising` the 'several layers is clearly shown.

lu Fig. l the oorcls in layer K have e greater number of twists per inch than inv layer Y and in layer ,Y than layer to obtain the desired relative ratio of expansion. The inner layer ill expand more easily than either of the others. and the ou er loyer the least or" all. The effect being; that' interifl pressure will be evenly distributed throughout the layers. besame condition of moclied twist "rh the cords is also in the einer lg'ures lust mentioned., Various amounts of twist per inch are shoivn in the Cords illustrated in Figs. 28. 29, il() and 3l laii'gely magnified, A

In Fig. 32 the modified twist per inch is illustrated in tlie'simplest possible arrangement layers m, el" and 7 of cords.

After the hose has been construit-.ted with a binding of adhesive vuleanizable .material throughout, the outer coating is ab taohecl, and all parts Vare vulcanized together. t

tis obvious that it metallic members were interlaid with the fibrous members or in place of some of them, that the hose can 1oe made strong. enough to resist external pressure so as to be used 'for suction hose.

lt is obvious that for the purpose of constructing' suction hose that the same may be employed wherein metallicl members may be combined with fibrous material or members-witliout departinf Jfrom the scope of the invention.

Having' rlesoribed the invention, whet .l claim as new and desire to secure byietters Patent is:

lf ln a hose, in combination, a rubber lining. a. series of fibrous members coated in rubber and spaced apart and ruiming in a. parallel direction to esel! otlier'at an angle to the axis or the hose upon seid lining.I a. seoorul series of members of fibrous material` coated in rubber and spaced apart and ruuniug parallel to each other and (crossing the first series at an anglo, .uthird series of rubber ooaled brous members laid thereon iutermedate oie the vfirst named series-o`f ba uds and parallel thereto to cowl the spaces between the bands in the first named series. and a Afourth series oi? rubber coated fibrous members parallel to said second series and positioned toq cover the spaces between the members of the second series, a layer of parmbers coated with ruballel spirslly laid me and -ber, Wound upon rliuterlaid members,

an outer iuelosing; layer, all layers come' U l pressed and cohering together to term a unitary rrueture.

9. In a hose, 1n combination, a rubber lining', a se ries oli parallel spaced fibrous .Eheim bers coated in rubber and laid unou-:saicl' sequently laid ofi members eomiiressed id to lie in and fill the spaces between .speeedA parallel A.neznlocu's of the laid se` ries and of the spaced members of following series.

ln hose, it Jule-mumble lining', a first series of' parallel fibrous 1r. `mbers lai(v thereon at an angle of substantiall)7 450 and spaced spart, a. second series of similarly spaced fibrous members Crossing the said first series at substantially rightaugles, and subsequently laid series of siiui'laiij;v spaced. fibrous members, said siibsetpieutlj.rv laid series being,` first laid to interlrqv with the. spaced members of the rlrst series and tiren with. tbe spaced members ot the er seing; series until all spat are covered said spaced members compressed together lo fill all said spaces, an exterior la., of spirally wound fibrous memoers, an exterior eoatin of Vuloanizable material and a coating ifor each fibrous member of vuloauizable material.y said complete hose finallyY vulcanized sub- .staL-'itialljfr described.

ln "a hose, a rubber lining, a series of fibrous members Coated with elustie vulcanizable material Wound thereon substantially 45o, and evenly spaced epart,o second series of. similar and similmlj/r 'vuluucl and coated spaced 'fibrous members Wound tbereon at a reigerse angle, 4subsequent 'series oli 'fibrous coated members inteiwvouud thereon at similar angles to coter the openings leit between the previouslyY Wound series, spirally Woui'ul coated fibrous members. the ten on upou one of the ouler plies of members serving to compress the interwound members to fill, the spaces between them.

in a hose, o. .tu `for lining'. a seri-es of fibrozs members Wound thereon and regularl;y spaced apart, a second series ot similarl;y spaced fibrous members wound thereon at righi; angles thereof'. subsequently spa-:ed 'series of fibrous members wouud thereon in succeeding plies 'parallel to said iirst who spaced members ard iuteriwiund bel-Wmo them to cover the said spaces between them until all spaces are covered, the outermost series being laid under greater' tension than the'inner series whereby the several series are compressed together and into the spaces to close the same, to form one ply'of inembers running in each direction, and to jointly form one layer the members of which cohere together.

6. In a hose, a rubber lining, a series of spaced fibrous members wound thereon, a second series of' similar members wound at an angle thereto, a third series wound parallel to the iirst series and intermediate of said spaced members, a fourth series wound parallel to said second series and intermediate of the spaced members, the outer series being wound under tension, whereby the members are compressedr together to till all spaces' between them whereby a two ply fabric is produced, a series of circumferentially wound members and a vulcanizable VAbinding material for said members.

7. In a hose,`a rubber lining, aseries of spaced fibrous members wound thereon, at an angle, a second series of spaced fibrous 'members wound thereon at an angle to said a arecompressed together and the subsequentlyV bers thus forming a two ply fabric, t

first series, and subsequently' wound series of spaced fibrous members 'alternately parallel to said first and second wound series, and subsequently laid series of spaced fibrous strands positioned tol cover the spaces 'of previouslyA wound merbers, the outer of said series being placed under tension whereby said members spaces between the first wound spaced me1nhe edges ofithe members of one ply engaging the edges of the other ply, and circumferentially wound fibrous members substantially as described..

8. ln a hose, an inner lining of vulcaniza 'ble material, a series of spaced members of 'fibrous material wound thereon at an angle `of substantially 45, a second series of sinn- 4 lar spaced members crossing the first named series at a reversev angle, subsequently laid series of spaced brous members wound pary allel'wit'h the rst and second series, alternately, and Apositioned to cover the spaces therein to form a twoply layer and circumferentially wound spacedfibrous members laid alternately over one series ci said tirst layer and alternately over another series, so as to iill all lspaces between said circumferential spacedmembers, one of said series of members being wound under tension, ,wherebyfthe other series, oi" members are compressed together;

- 9. in a hose,`a lining ot rubber, spaced interwound crossed members of twisted cord crushed together to form an unwoven two "ply layer, and a spirally wound layer oi" 'the cords comprising the different' layers twisted cord, the ratio of twists per .inch in 5 varying inversely as their diameters.

10:vv In a hose, a spaced series of laminated interwoven members of twisted cord cross 4ing each other, and crushed together to form two'plies, with the edges of t-he members of one ply engaging the edges of the members of the other ply, and a layer of spirally'l wound twisted cord, the ratio of twists -per inch in the layers varying inversely astheir diameters and a cohesive means for cementing the fabric together. l y 11. A hose composed of'a series of superimposed layers of parallel'cords, laid at'predeterminedangles, the number of twists per inch in the cords comprising the inner layer being greater than the number of twists per inch inA the cords ,in the next sucy eeeding layer, and the number of twists per inch gradually decreasing in the subse` quently applied layers anda cohesive means for cementing'thetabric together- 12. A, hose composed of a series of super.i imposed layers of parallel cords laid at pre i determined angles to the axis of said tube, and the cords in the several layers being providedwith varying selected numbers of' A twists per inch according to the relative circumferential areas of the several layers, thev cords in the inner` layer-having the greatest au ount of twist and a cohesive means 'for cemeiiting the fabric together.,

13. A hose, composed of a series of supers imposed layers of parallel cords, said cords or threads running at a predetermined angle'` in Aeach layer and running at air-.angle te 100 each other in adjoining layers, the number of twists in the cords per inch in said layers becoming relatively less as the circumferentialareas of the layers increase, whereby the stretching capabilities of the scveralklayers will vary inversely as the respective diameters of the several layers and a cohesive means for cementing the fabric together.

14.A In a hose, separate layers superimposed upon each other, each layer composed. of twist-ed cords laid at a predetermined angle, the number ot twists per inch inthe cords in the inner layer being the greatest, and the number of twists per inch iii' the cords in each succeeding layer being 'rcla- 115 :For ceinenting the `fabric together.

Intestimony whereof, 'I hereunto set my 120 hand this-14th (lay of October' 1910. l LiiXllVl-{EGE A, SUBERS.

In presence of- A ERNEST lVfosuAN, S. L. FixLe'Nr.. 

